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Question: Several hormones like hCG, hPL, estrogen, progesterone are produced by A. Fallopian tube B. Pitu...

Several hormones like hCG, hPL, estrogen, progesterone are produced by
A. Fallopian tube
B. Pituitary
C. Ovary
D. placenta

Explanation

Solution

Estrogen and progesterone are the primary pregnancy hormones found in the women. A woman will produce more estrogen during one pregnancy than throughout her entire life when not pregnant. The increase in estrogen level during pregnancy enables the uterus and placenta to improve vascularization.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
In the early pregnancy, there is production of a hormone which is called human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG is produced by the fertilized egg after it implants in the uterus and helps in maintaining the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy. If the egg is unfertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates, and then the woman progresses through her normal monthly cycle.
Progesterone and Estrogen
If the egg is fertilized and pregnancy occurs, it means the corpus luteum is maintained . Sufficient progesterone in a woman's body ensures that the lining of the uterus stays intact and provides a nourishing environment for the egg to implant and develop.
Human placental lactogen (hPL).
This hormone is produced by the placenta, that helps in providing nutrition to the fetus and also plays a role in stimulating milk glands in the breasts in anticipation of breastfeeding.
Therefore HCG is produced by the placenta that helps maintain pregnancy by maintaining corpus luteum for the first trimester. After degeneration of the corpus luteum, the placenta becomes the source of progesterone and estrogen hormones that further inhibits gonadotropin secretion and maintains the pregnancy.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Note: Human chorionic gonadotropin injection is extensively used for final maturation induction in lieu of luteinizing hormone. In the presence of one or more mature ovarian follicles, ovulation can be started by the insertion of HCG injection. Ovulation will happen between 38 and 40 hours after a single HCG injection.