Question

Semi-autonomous organelle is
(a) E.R.
(b) Lysosome
(c) Peroxisome
(d) Chloroplast

Answer 1

Chloroplasts are present in all green plants and algae. They are absent in animal cells. They are the food producers of plants. These are found within the guard cells located in the leaves of the plants. They contain a high concentration of chlorophyll that traps sunlight.

Complete step by step answer:
Mitochondria and plastids are semi-autonomous cell organelles since they possess their own DNA and ribosomes. Chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts are sorts of plastids and are absent in animal cells.
The chloroplast structure consists of the subsequent parts:
Membrane Envelope: It comprises inner and outer lipid bilayer membranes. The inner membrane divides the stroma through the intermembrane space.
Intermembrane Space: It is the space between inner and outer membranes.
Thylakoid System: The system is suspended within the stroma. It’s a set of membranous sacs called thylakoids. The green-colored pigments called chlorophyll are found within the thylakoid membranes. It’s the site for the method of light-dependent reactions of the photosynthesis process. The thylakoids are arranged in stacks referred to as grana and every granum contains around 10-20 thylakoids.
Stroma: it's a colorless, alkaline, aqueous, protein-rich fluid present within the inner membrane of the chloroplast present surrounding the grana.
Grana: These are the sites of conversion of light energy into energy.
Chlorophyll: it's a green photosynthetic pigment that helps within the process of photosynthesis.
So, the correct answer is ‘(d) Chloroplast’.

Note: Chloroplast has its own DNA and may reproduce independently, from the remainder of the cell. They also produce amino acids and lipids required for the assembly of chloroplast membranes. The foremost important function of the chloroplast is to synthesize food by the method of photosynthesis.