Question

Select the correct option:
If $2{\text{n}} = {\text{4}}$ , then identify the figures A, B and C, as per the following codes and select the correct options.
Anaphase of meiosis I = (i)
Anaphase of mitosis = (ii)
Anaphase of meiosis II = (iii)

A. A-(ii), B-(i), C- (iii)
B. A-(iii), B-(ii), C- (i)
C. A-(i), B-(ii), C- (iii)
D. A-(iii), B-(i), C- (ii)

Answer 1

Cell division is the process through which the parent cell through division of the nuclear and cytoplasmic material gives rise to daughter cells. The daughter receives the duplicated chromosomes and nuclear material from the parent cell.

Complete answer:
The process of cell division in eukaryotic cells are of two types which is mitosis and meiosis. The cell division process where the parent cell gives rise to two daughter cells with exact chromosomal content is known as mitosis. The cell cycle in mitosis is single and the phases are prophase, metaphase, telophase, In this division, the daughter cells are an exact copy of the parent cell. In the meiotic division, the daughter cells produced are four and the chromosome number received by the daughter cells are reduced to half. The chromosomes are halved and this type of division takes place to produce haploid gametes. Meiosis is also known as reductional division and consists of two division cycles.
Anaphase is the stage that occurs after prophase and metaphase and is a very short stage. It occurs after the chromosomal alignment at the mitotic plates. In this stage, the sister chromatids are separated and arranged at the equatorial plate. After the separation, chromosomes line up at the middle part and spindle fibres pull them apart.
In the above figure A represents the movement of the four chromatids to the opposite poles of the cells. This was formed as a result of splitting of four chromosomes leading to the formation of eight chromatids. Out of the eight chromatids, four chromatids move to opposite poles. Thus, it is the anaphase of mitosis division as the daughter cells remain $2{\text{n}}$.
Figure B shows the movement of two chromosomes to opposite poles and so, it is the anaphase stage. In this figure, the chromosomes split into half and it shows that this division is anaphase stage of meiosis phase I. In the figure C the formation of cell membrane in the two daughter cells starts to form and two new cells are formed. The cells receive two chromatids that move to the opposite poles of the cell and are identified as the anaphase of meiosis II.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: In the meiotic cell division, the daughter cells contain half chromosomal number and the stage in which the segregation of the chromatids to the opposite poles is the anaphase stage of meiosis. In the meiosis I, chromosomes split into halves and are represented by figure B. In anaphase of meiosis II, chromatids split and move to opposite poles. The mitotic anaphase represented by figure A shows movement and splitting of eight daughter chromatids.