Question

Select the correct match for deficiency disease.

Mineral	Diseases
A. N	1. Coppery texture of the leaf
B. Mg	2. Premature leaf fall
C. B	3. Interveinal chlorosis
D. P	4. Mottled chlorosis and necrosis

I. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
II. A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
III. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
IV. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

Answer 1

The word deficiency refers to the shortage or lack of a functional entity less than the normal which is required to perform a particular function. Deficiency of one more nutrition such as minerals can affect the growth of the organism by causing various diseases. Mineral nutrition refers to the chemical elements required for the normal growth and functioning of the organism.

Complete answer: Large quantity of nitrogen (N) is required by plants for their proper growth and development. The deficiency of nitrogen in plants causes diseases such as chlorosis and necrosis. A condition in which the leaves of the plant turn yellow in color due to an insufficient amount of chlorophyll pigment produced by them is called chlorosis. The word chlorosis is derived from the Greek word khloros which means pale-green, greenish-yellow. A form of cell injury in which premature death of cells in living tissue occurs which is caused by autolysis is called necrosis. It is caused by the deficient supply of nutrition to the cell. Interveinal chlorosis is seen in plants with a deficiency of magnesium (Mg) minerals. The coppery texture of the leaves of the plant is due to the deficiency of the boron (B) content in the soil in which the plant grows. This produces crinkling and darkening of the leaves. One of the symptoms of low content of phosphorus (P) in plants causes premature fall of leaves.
So, option (II) is the correct option.

Note: Chlorosis can also occur if the plant is grown in soil which lacks a deficiency of minerals like iron, magnesium, or zinc. The respiratory pigment chlorophyll is responsible for the green color leaves of the plant. Lack of this pigment produces leaves that are a yellow-white or pale yellow color. A plant disease called rust occurs in plants if the condition of chlorosis is not treated and provides sufficient chlorophyll.