Question

Seedless grapes are produced due to _______.
A. Parthenocarpy
B. Crossing over
C. Parthenogenesis
D. None of these

Answer 1

In edible fruit with hard seeds, namely banana, pineapple, orange and grapefruit, seedlessness is regarded as a desirable trait. In fruit plants difficult to pollinate or to fertilize like fig, tomatoes and summer squash, this process is also desirable.

Complete Answer:
- Grapes without seed are rich in delicious juice without the difficulty of the annoying seeds. In fact, seedless grapes may have originated from the Roman era, but in modern times William Thompson originated the first seedless table grape we can trace from 1875 to 1900. Any grape without seed is "unnatural." Although a rare mutant plant can be natural, the seedless shape does not occur naturally.
- The manufacturing method uses asexual reproduction of seedless grapes. The new plant is mainly a genetic clone of the original plant parent, requiring manual handling of genetic material from plants.
- The natural or artificial fruit development without ovules fertilization that makes the fruit seedless is the parthenocarpy. Stenospermocarpy can also produce seedless fruit, but the seed is aborted while it is still small.
- Crossing over is a fundamental aspect in genetics and cell biology, generally referred to as recombination. During meiosis it happens. Overview is a swap between non-sister chromatids in the chromosome segments during gametes development.
- Parthenogenesis is a natural process of asexual reproduction where embryos grow and develop without sperm fertilisation. The formation of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell is parthenogenesis in animals. Parthenogenesis in plants is an apomixis component process.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. i.e., Parthenocarpy.

Note: Parthenocarpy occurs as a mutation in nature occasionally; if it affects every flower, it can no longer replicate sexually but can spread through apomixis and vegetative means. Some fruits on a plant can however have value parthenocarpy. Wild parsnips are parthenocarpic to 20% of their fruits.