Question

Replacement of the lighter-colored variety of peppered moth (Biston betularia) to its darker variety (Biston carbonaria) in England is the example of
A. Natural selection
B. Regeneration
C. Genetic isolation
D. Temporal isolation

Answer 1

Hint:- In England, before industrialization in 1860, it was seen that there were more white-winged moths on tree trunks than dull winged or melanised moths. In any case, after industrialization in 1920, there were more dim winged moths in a similar region. Prior to industrialization, the tree trunks were covered by white-shaded lichens. In that foundation, the white-winged moths endure however the dull winged moths were eaten by hunters.
During the post industrialization period, the tree trunks got dull because of modern smoke and ash. Hence, the white winged moths couldn't make it due to hunters however dull winged moths endure, i.e., the moths that were covered up in foundation endure. Accordingly, modern melanism underpins advancement by regular determination.

Along these lines, the right answer is 'Natural Selection'.

Complete Answer:-
During the early decades of the Industrial Revolution in England, the wide open among London and Manchester got covered with ash from the new coal-consuming manufacturing plants. A large number of the light-bodied lichens died because of sulfur dioxide outflows, and the trees got obscured. This prompted an expansion in fledgling predation for light-colored moths, as they not, at this point mixed in too in their polluted biological system: in reality, their bodies presently drastically stood out from the shade of the bark.
colored moths, then again, were disguised very well by the darkened trees. The number of inhabitants in dull shaded moths quickly expanded. By the mid-nineteenth century, the quantity of dark shaded moths had risen observably, and by 1895, the level of dark colored moths in Manchester was accounted for at 98%, an emotional difference in (practically 100%) from the first frequency. This impact of industrialization in body shading prompted the instituting of the expression "mechanical melanism.

Note:- From around 1962 to the present, the aggregate recurrence of carbonaria has consistently conformed to cleaner air around modern urban areas. Its decay has been estimated more precisely than its ascent, through more thorough logical examinations. Prominently, Bernard Kettlewell led a public overview in 1956, Bruce Grant directed a comparable one in mid 1996, and L.M. Cook in 2003.
Similar outcomes were found in America. Melanic structures have not been found in Japan. It is accepted that this is on the grounds that peppered moths in Japan don't occupy industrialized regions.