Question

Replacement level is the number of children a couple must produce to replace themselves so as to maintain population at zero growth level. The value of replacement for developed countries is
A) 2.7
B) 2.1
C) 1.9
D) 1.2

Answer 1

Fertility at the replacement level is not correlated with a special range of birth rates relevant to age. If a country achieves fertility at the replacement level, other criteria must still be fulfilled for zero population increase to be reached.

Complete answer:
Replacement level' is a scientific concept that appears almost self-explanatory. There are, however, certain major criteria that make it a more complicated term than could be expected. The relationship between reproduction at the replacement level and zero population growth is also complex.

Now, let us find the solution from the options-
- The replacement fertility level is the fertility level at which a population substitutes itself from generation to generation. In developing countries, pregnancy at the replacement level can be considered as having an estimate of 2.1 children per woman.
- However, the annual number of births will need to be even higher in nations with high infant and child mortality rates.
- Ideal level of replacement: 2
-Level of replacement for developing countries: 2.1
-Level of substitution for developed countries: 2.7

Thus, the correct answer is option (B) 2.1.

Note: Only where death rates remain stable and migration has little impact can replacement level reproduction contribute to zero population growth. The proportion of the population at which rate of population growth decline will typically vary from the present size of the population.