Question

Reaction intermediate formed due to heterolytic bond fission are:
(A) carbenes and free radicals
(B) free radicals, carbanion and diradical
(C) carbocation, free radical and carbanion
(D) carbocation and carbanion

Answer 1

Hint: To answer this question we should know that is a type of bond fission in which a covalent bond between two chemical species is broken in an unequal manner. This results in the bond pair of electrons being retained by one of the chemical species.

Complete Step by step answer:
We should know that chemical reactions involve the breakage of existing chemical bonds and then there is the formation of new ones. The breaking of a chemical bond (usually a covalent bond) is known to be bond fission. The two primary types of bond fission are homolytic fission and heterolytic fission.
In homolytic fission, we should know that it is a type of bond fission that involves the dissociation of a given molecule wherein one electron is retained by each of the original fragments of the molecule means there is equal sharing. So, when a neutrally charged molecule is subjected to homolytic fission, two free radicals are obtained as the product because each of the chemical species takes one electron from the bond pair.
We should know that heterolytic fission is a type of bond fission in which a covalent bond between two chemical species is broken in an unequal manner. One chemical species has electrons and the other will have no electrons. When a neutrally charged molecule undergoes heterolytic fission, one of the products will have a positive charge whereas the other product will have a negative charge.
So, from the above discussion we came to know that heterolytic bond fission results in the formation of charged species, that is cations and anions but not free radicals because free radicals are generated by homolytic bond fission. So, the correct option is D.

Note:We should know that a free radical contains an unpaired electron in their atomic orbital and can exist independently. All the radicals share some of the common properties due to the unpaired electron. Free radicals are unique and rare species and are present only under special and limited conditions.