Question

Ratio of transverse to axial strain is
(a) Torricelli ratio
(b) Poisson’s ratio
(c) Stoke’s ratio
(d) Bernoulli’s ratio

Answer 1

Here, use the mechanic's concepts related to the body's deformation under the force's action. The external force causes stress and strain in the object, and we use Hooke's law to relate stress and strain. To relate the two different types of strain, we use the specific property of the material.

Complete step by step answer:
When the load is employed to the body, generation stress and strain occur in the body. Here, stress means the restoring force, which tends to resist the body's deformation under the action of external force, and strain means the deformation of the body from its initial shape. To relate stress and strain, we generally use Hooke's law. When we apply load to the body, the body tends to deform from its original shape, so different types of strain occur in the body like axial strain and transverse strain.
If we observe that the body's deformation from its original size occurred in the applied load direction, it is considered axial strain. But if the deformation occurred in the perpendicular direction of the load, it is considered transverse strain. The Poisson's ratio gives information about the ratio of the transverse and axial strain. The Poisson's ratio is used to analyse the properties of the material, like whether the material will deform or not under the desirable loading condition, so with the help of analysis, we can select the material which is suitable for the working condition. The value of the Poisson's ratio is highest for rubber.
Therefore, the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain is known as Poisson's ratio, and option (B) is correct.

Note: The value of the Poisson's ratio is very important in the engineering field, especially in civil and mechanical engineering. The Poisson's ratio is used to analyze the properties of the material, like whether the material will deform or not under the desirable loading condition.