Question

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is lined with
(a) Cuboidal epithelium
(b) Simple brush border epithelium
(c) Simple cuboidal brush border epithelium
(d) Simple ciliated brush border epithelium

Answer 1

Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) may be a part of the kidney leading from the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle. It is lined by a type of epithelium that consists of a single layer of cube-like cells with numerous Microvilli. These cells have large, spherical, and central nuclei.

Complete answer:
The proximal convoluted tubule is lined by a simple cuboidal brush border epithelium, which increases the surface area for reabsorption.
Simple cuboidal epithelia are found on the surface of the lines of nephrons, the walls of the renal tubules, and parts of the eye and thyroid.
On these surfaces, the cells perform the process of secretion and absorption. A brush border is the microvilli-covered surface of straightforward cuboidal and straightforward columnar epithelium found in several parts of the body. Epithelial cells from diverse tissues, including the enterocytes that line the intestinal tract, remodel their apical surface during differentiation to make a brush border. It contains an array of actin-supported membrane protrusions known as microvilli that increases the functional capacity of the tissue.

Additional Information:
- The proximal convoluted tubule - which is that the longest part of the renal tubule - features a simple tall cuboidal epithelium, with a brush border.
- The epithelium almost fills the lumen, and the microvilli increases the surface area by making it 30-40 fold.
- Simple cuboidal epithelium plays specific roles in several organs and features a big variety of functions.

So, the correct answer is 'Simple cuboidal brush border epithelium’.

Note:
- The epithelium lining the ventricles of the brain and therefore the central canal of the medulla spinalis is named ependyma. These cells generate cerebrospinal fluid.
- The different Cuboidal epithelium in the body are; Cuboidal epithelium of reproductive organs: cells lining the tubuli recti, rete testis, and the ovary.
- The ependyma is the cuboidal epithelium of the central nervous system whereas the follicular cells of the thyroid is the cuboidal epithelium of the endocrine system.