Question

Protonema state occurs in which of the following Bryophytes?
A. Anthoceros
B. Rica
C. Funaria
D. Porella

Answer 1

Bryophytes include mosses and liverworts that are found commonly in moist shaded areas in the hills. Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom. These plants can live in the soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction. They usually occur in damp and in most places. They play an important role in plant succession.

Complete answer:
A. Anthoceros: All species are found in the hollows of moist rocks in the dense patches. The thallus is a small prostrate dark green thick and eventually different. The thallus we lobbed and love are somewhat divided. The media is not found in every task of the smooth-walled. The ventral scales and tuberculated rhizoids are altogether absent. The thalli are green because of the preservation of the nostoc lobes.
B. Rica: All spores of Rica are Terrestrial and are grown on moist soil and damp rocks. The adult terrestrial gametophyte is prostate, rosette-like, autonomously branched. Dorsiventral, deep green, and found upon a suitable substrate of damp soil.
C.Funaria: The predominant stage of the life cycle of moss is a gametophyte that consists of two stages. Protonema is the first stage, which develops from a spore. They are green and branched. The second stage is the leafy stage, which develops from the lateral bud. Funaria consists of upright, slender leaves that are spirally arranged. They are attached to the beached rhizoids. This stage bears sex organs.
D. Porella: Porella grows in moist and shady places. It grows on rocks, stones, and bark of a tree. The plant body is large, green, and legally. Plants grow in compact flat greenest patches covering substratum.

Hence, the correct answer is option (C).

Note: In mosses, vegetative reproduction is by fragmentation and budding in secondary protonema. During sexual reproduction, the sex antheridia and archegonia are produced at the apex at the leaf shoots. After fertilization, the zygote develops into a sporophyte consisting of the foot, seta, and capsule. The sporophyte in Mosses is more celebrated than in the liver words. The capsule contains spores. Cole’s are formed after meiosis. Moses has an elaborate system of spore’s disposal.