Question

Protein structure is stabilized by different types of bonds.
Which of these best describes the types of bonds that stabilize each level of protein structure?
A) Primary- peptide bonds, Secondary- hydrogen bonds, Tertiary- disulfide bridges, Van der Waals interaction, and ionic bonds.
B) Primary- hydrogen bonds, Secondary- covalent bonds, Tertiary- ionic bonds
C) Primary- covalent bonds, Secondary- disulfide bridges, Tertiary- hydrogen bonds
D) Primary- hydrogen bonds, Secondary- peptide bonds, Tertiary- disulfide bridges, Van der Waals interactions, and ionic bonds
E) Primary- peptide bonds, Secondary- covalent bonds, Tertiary- Van der Waals interactions, and ionic bonds

Answer 1

Proteins are the three-dimensional structures of monomers known as amino acids which are further made of an amine and a carboxyl group along with a side chain or R group. The monomers are arranged in specific structures in four levels to give rise to the complete protein molecule.

Complete step by step answer:
The correct types of bonds and their level of protein structure is
Primary- peptide bonds
Secondary- hydrogen bonds
Tertiary- disulfide bridges, Van der Waals interactions, and ionic bonds
Proteins are polymers of polypeptides which are in turn formed of amino acids and are structured by arrangements of these chains in a three-dimensional structure. They are folded into one or more spatial conformations driven by special non-covalent interactions like peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Van der Waals interaction, and disulfide bridges. The structure ranges from tens to several thousands of amino acid monomers.

Additional Information:
The primary structure refers to the sequence of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain through peptide bonds that are made during the process of protein biosynthesis.
The secondary structure is sub-structures on the polypeptide backbone chain made by hydrogen bonding between the main chain peptide groups. They are of two types- $\alpha$-helix and $\beta$ strand.
Tertiary structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of protein molecules in which $\alpha$ helices and $\beta$ helices are folded into a globular structure with the help of interactions like salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and tight packing of side chains.

So, the correct answer is "Primary- peptide bonds, Secondary- hydrogen bonds, Tertiary- disulfide bridges, Van der Waals interaction, and ionic bonds".

Note:
Along with the three levels of protein structure, there is a quaternary structure as well that consists of the aggregation of two or more individual polypeptide chains that forms a multimer. It is stabilized by non-covalent interactions and disulfide bonds found in tertiary structure. These structures are called a dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer, etc depending on their number of subunits.