Question

Proliferation of endometrium of uterus in proliferative phase is controlled by
A. Relaxin
B. Oxytocin
C. Progesterone
D. Oestrogen
E. luteinizing hormone

Answer 1

The endometrium of the uterus is composed of epithelium cells that comprise mucous membrane and is present on the inner side of the mammalian uterus. The endometrium is responsible for serving important functions during the pregnancy phase.

Complete answer:
The endometrium is the lining of the uterus and it changes its size every month throughout the fertile female years. Every month as part of the menstrual cycle the female body prepares the endometrium to host the embryo. The menstrual cycle begins with the first day of Menstruation, which is the shedding of the lining of the uterus endometrium that is accompanied by bleeding every month.
The endometrium is made up of epithelium and stroma and the thickness of the stroma varies according to the changes in hormonal levels during the menstrual cycle; the endometrium gets thick and rich in blood vessels during the menstrual cycle. If the fertilization takes place the embryo gets implanted at the endometrium and if fertilization does not occur the endometrium sheds itself every month.
The menstrual cycle has three 3 phases:
1. The follicular phase is before the release of egg
2. Ovulatory phase that is egg release
3. Luteal phase that is after the egg release.
Changes occur during the menstrual cycle. The very first phase; the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is also known as the proliferative phase and at that time endometrium is exposed to is a provision that helps in regeneration from the last menstrual cycle. In this phase rebuilding of the blood functional layer of the endometrium occurs. It is 6 to 14 days long and the oestrogen level rises. The maturation of ovarian follicles occurs and prepares them for the release during ovulation around the 14th day.
Whereas OPTION A relaxin is a hormone that is secreted by the placenta which causes the cervix to dilate and prepare the uterus for the labour pain.

OPTION B Oxytocin is the hormone secreted by the pituitary gland and has a major role in reproduction, childbirth and lactation after that. it is produced to initiate the normal delivery. It acts directly on the uterus and induces rhythmic contraction.
OPTION C-progesterone is a steroid hormone and produced by the Corpus luteum; has its role in reproduction involved in ovulation implantation and the pregnancy phase it controls the cyclical changes in proliferation.
OPTION E- luteinizing hormone is produced and secreted in the anterior pituitary gland. It plays an important role in reproductivity, puberty, fertility and menstruation ovulation & and helps in tracking the ovulation period.

Hence, the correct option is D.) Oestrogen.

Note:
During the proliferation phase of the menstrual cycle the oestrogen hormone level increases and stimulates the follicles present in the ovary. It thickens the uterine lining of the endometrium and stimulates follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone release before ovulation. It also inhibits the FSH and LH for the rest of the cycle.