Question

Phylogenetic system of classification is predicated on
(a) Biochemical properties
(b) Quantitative assessment of similarities and differences between organisms
(c) Evolutionary relationship
(d) Cytological characteristics of organisms

Answer 1

The necessity for classifying living organisms is extremely ancient, and therefore the first arrangement is often dated back to the Greeks. The goal was very practical since it had been intended to differentiate between edible and toxic aliments or kind and dangerous animals.

Complete answer:
Classification is an orderly arrangement of organisms (as taxa) or objects during a hierarchical series. The type of relationships revealed during a classification depends on the standards or characters utilized in its construction. If characters are quantified and statistically assessed on the idea of overall similarity, the relationships are called phenetic. If the characters are analyzed during how that detects their evolutionary or genealogical development, the relationships are called phylogenetic.
The phylogenetic tree is additionally referred to as the cladogram. The species or the groups are found at the ideas of the lines referred to as the tree branches. The evolution of species evolved from a standard ancestor is exhibited by how the branches connect. The branch points represent the foremost recent common ancestor of all the groups descended from that common point.
In a phylogenetic tree, if two species have the more common recent ancestor, they're more related than those with a less recent common ancestor.
So the correct answer is ‘(c) Evolutionary Relationship’.

Additional Information: Some cladograms are blocky, while the others are diagonal. However, the orientation of the tree doesn't change the knowledge.
This system is predicated on the evolutionary sequence and genetic relationships. This technique was developed after the publication of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Aside from the morphological characteristics found from fossil records, genetic constituents were also considered. It's been widely accepted by biologists everywhere on the planet. consistent with this technique, all the organisms belonging to equivalent taxa originated from the common ancestor.
To generate a phylogenetic tree, scientists compare and analyze many characteristics of the species or other groups involved to produce the exact result. These characteristics can include external morphology, behaviors, internal anatomy, biochemical pathways, DNA and protein sequences, and even the characteristics of fossils for the generation of phylogeny with the exact information.

Note:
- This phylogenetic arrangement names only clades — groups of organisms that are all descended from a standard ancestor. As an example, we will look more closely at reptiles and birds.
- We can name any clade on the tree in phylogenetic classification as an example, the Testudines, Squamata, Archosauria, and Crocodylomorpha all form clades.
However, the reptiles don't form a clade, as shown within the cladogram. meaning that either "reptile" isn't a legitimate phylogenetic grouping or we've to start out thinking of birds as reptiles.
Another cool thing about phylogenetic classification is that it means dinosaurs aren't entirely extinct.