Question

Photolytic decomposition reaction definition?

Answer 1

Photodissociation is a chemical process in which photons break down a chemical molecule. It is described as one or more photons interacting with a single target molecule. Photodissociation occurs in all wavelengths of light, not only visible light. A chemical compound's chemical bonds can be affected by any photon with enough energy. Electromagnetic waves of the energy of visible light or higher, such as ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays, are generally involved in such interactions because the energy of a photon is inversely related to its wavelength.

Complete answer:
A photodecomposition reaction is a kind of decomposition reaction wherein the reactant is broken down by absorbing energy from photons into its constituents. The decomposition into dioxygen and an oxygen radical, as illustrated by the chemical equation given below, is an example of a photo decomposition reaction.
${{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}}\; + {\text{ }}{\mathbf{h\nu }}{\text{ }} \to {\text{ }}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{2}}}\; + {\text{ }}{{\mathbf{O}}^.}$
Excitation energy hops from light-capturing pigment molecules to reaction centre molecules step-by-step along the molecular energy ladder, according to the traditional, semi-classical model of photosynthetic energy transfer.
The absorption spectra of the photosynthetic pigments in the organism determine the efficiency of photons of various wavelengths. Chlorophylls absorb light in the violet-blue and red spectrums, whereas accessory pigments absorb light in other wavelengths. Red algae can photosynthesize in deep seas because their phycobilins absorb blue-green light, which penetrates further into water than red light. In the pigment molecule, each absorbed photon triggers the creation of an exciton (an electron stimulated to a higher energy state).

Note:
In the infrared spectral region, single photons are generally insufficiently energetic to cause direct photodissociation of molecules. However, a molecule may accumulate internal energy after absorbing several infrared photons, allowing it to exceed its dissociation barrier. Multiple photon dissociation can be achieved by using high-power lasers, such as a carbon dioxide laser or a free electron laser, or by allowing the molecule to interact with the radiation field for long periods of time without the possibility of rapid cooling, such as through collisions.