Question

Phagosomes and Pinosomes are collectively called as-
a) Residual bodies
b) Autophagic bodies
c) Endosomes
d) Digestive Vacuoles

Answer 1

The vacuoles found in the cytoplasm of a cell are phagosomes. It is the vesicles which are formed around the particle or a material that is engulfed by a phagocyte by the process known as phagocytosis. As we know in cell biology, a phagosome is a cell which is involved in the defense mechanism of our body. Its main work is to engulf pathogens. Whereas pinosomes are formed in tiny cuppings like little caves, close to the cell surface.

Complete answer:
a) Residual bodies- in cell biology, lysosomal digestion residual bodies are there. Vesicles containing indigestible materials. Residual bodies are either secreted by the cell via- exocytosis or by macrophages. Residual bodies are the indigestible materials of cells. Such as- certain types of tissues which are old or torn out or not useful, cell debris, tissues debris. Etc.
so, option a is not correct
b) Autophagic bodies- autophagy as the name suggests, is a natural phenomenon of regulation mechanism where the cell has the ability to remove unnecessary or dysfunctional components. It is the cell’s way to clean out the damaged cells in order to regenerate newer healthy cells. Autophagy means self-eating cells.
So, option b is not correct.
c) endosomes- endosomes are the collection of intracellular sorting organelles in eukaryotic cells. They belong to the trans-Golgi network as part of an endocytic membrane transport path. Phagosomes and pinosomes are collectively referred to as endosomes. As they are also membrane bound vesicles formed via a complex of processes called endocytosis.
So, option c is correct.
d) Digestive vacuoles- vacuoles as we know are cells which create pressure to engulf pathogens and store waste products that are eliminated from the cell. So, digestive vacuoles are nothing but vacuoles which engulf waste matter.
So, option d is not correct.

So, Option c is the correct answer.

Note:
As we discussed phagosomes and endosomes, endosomes are also phagocytic cells only but they are present in the internal membrane of the vesicles of cells. The basic mechanism of endocytosis is the reverse or opposite of what happens during an exocytosis or cellular secretion. There are three types of endosomes- early, late and recycling endosomes. They distinguish themselves by the time it takes to reach endocytosis.