Question

Out of the paramagnetic substances Calcium, Chromium, Oxygen and Tungsten, which substance has maximum susceptibility?

Answer 1

The magnetic susceptibility of a substance in an applied magnetic field is a measure of how much it will get magnetised. Magnetic susceptibility describes whether a material is drawn into or repelled by a magnetic field. Paramagnetic materials align with the applied field and are drawn to areas with higher magnetic fields.

Complete step by step answer:
Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality constant that reflects a material's degree of magnetization in response to an applied magnetic field.
Paramagnetism is a type of magnetism in which some materials are attracted weakly by an externally applied magnetic field and create internal, induced magnetic fields in the direction of the applied magnetic field. Most chemical elements and some compounds are paramagnetic; they have a relative magnetic permeability slightly larger than one (i.e., a little positive magnetic susceptibility) and are so attracted to magnetic fields.
Now, to answer the question correctly, we will first write the susceptibility of each of the mentioned substances, followed by the correct substance according to the question.
Susceptibility at the standard temperature, $T = 300K$
$\text{Calcium} \to 1.9 \times {10^{ - 5}}$
$\text{Chromium} \to 2.7 \times {10^{ - 4}}$
$\text{Oxygen} \to 2.1 \times {10^{ - 6}}$
$\text{Tungsten} \to 6.8 \times {10^{ - 5}}$
Chromium has the maximum susceptibility.

Note:
It should be noted that the absolute temperature has an inverse relationship with paramagnetic susceptibility. As the temperature rises, the thermal vibration of atoms increases, interfering with the alignment of magnetic dipoles.