Question

Ortho effect JEE advanced level tak samjhao bhai

Answer 1

The ortho effect is the enhanced acidity of ortho-substituted benzoic acids and the reduced basicity of ortho-substituted anilines due to steric hindrance that disrupts effective resonance interaction between the functional group (–COOH or –NH₂) and the benzene ring.

Answer 2

Explanation of the Solution:

The ortho effect refers to the observation that in substituted benzoic acids or aniline derivatives, a substituent in the ortho position increases the acidity (or decreases the basicity) more than expected. This happens mainly because the substituent, regardless of whether it is electron-donating or -withdrawing, forces the carboxyl (or amino) group out of the plane of the benzene ring due to steric hindrance. Consequently, resonance stabilization between the functional group and the aromatic ring decreases, which makes the acid stronger in benzoic acids (or the base weaker in anilines).

Answer:

The ortho effect is the enhanced acidity of ortho-substituted benzoic acids and the reduced basicity of ortho-substituted anilines due to steric hindrance that disrupts effective resonance interaction between the functional group (–COOH or –NH₂) and the benzene ring.