Question

Organogenesis and morphogenesis in tissue culture is controlled or regulated by phytohormone. The credit of this important discovery goes to
A. Skoog and Miller (1957)
B. Guha and Maheswari (1964)
C. Calvin and Benson (1894)
D. Halperin and Wetheraii (1964)

Answer 1

Morphogenesis is defined as the tissue organization and its shape in embryos during their development. Organogenesis is defined as the formation of organs from the mass of tissues during embryo development.

Complete answer:
Guha and Maheswari were the scientists who developed haploid embryos from the anther of Datura inoxia in 1964 at the Department of Botany, University of Delhi. That’s why Option B is incorrect.
Calvin and Benson discovered the ${C_3}$ pathway in photosynthesis in plants in 1894. They found the ${C_3}$ compound is produced in the photosynthesis. That’s why option C is incorrect.
Halerin and Wetherall produced platelets via somatic embryogenesis in Daucus carota in 1964 at the Department of Botany,University of Delhi.. They take somatic cells for the production of platelets.
Skoog and Miller found the role of phytohormone in organogenesis and morphogenesis in tissue culture in 1957. These two phytohormones are auxin and cytokinin. They found two cases:

Root development: When the concentration of auxin is more than cytokinin, then root development occurs in the embryo.
Shoot development: When the concentration of cytokinin is more than auxin, then shoot development occurs in the embryo.

Hence, the right answer is: Skoog and Miller (1957).

Note: Auxin and cytokinin are used in tissue culture for proper embryo development. If scientists want to develop roots in the embryo, then auxin concentration should be higher than cytokinin. But cytokinin ratio should be higher than auxin in case of shoot development in embryonic tissue culture plant propagation method.