Question

Organisms without a nucleus and cell organelles belong to
(i) Fungi
(ii) Protista
(iii) Cyanobacteria
(iv) Archaebacteria
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

Answer 1

Prokaryotes are single-celled primitive organisms without a well organized nuclear envelope around the nucleus. In prokaryotes, membrane-bound cell organelles are also absent and ribosomes are of 70S type.

Complete Answer:
Prokaryotes are also known as monerans which include all types of bacteria like Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinomycetes, Mycoplasma, Spirochaetes, and Rickettsiae that's why this organism does not have a true nucleus and well-developed cell organelles.
Archaebacteria is also known as ancient bacteria that live in extreme habitats like high temperature, high salt concentration. The cell wall of archaebacteria lacks peptidoglycan and muramic acid. Archaebacteria show the characters of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Archaebacteria are of three types of methanogens, halophiles, and thermoacidophiles. Methanogens are methane-producing bacteria found in marshy habitats, swamps, and anaerobic sludge digester. Halophiles found in salt lakes, dead sea, and in that industrial plant which produce salt by solar evaporation. Facultative anaerobes found in hot water spring at temperature 80 degrees.

Additional information: Cyanobacteria are also called blue-green algae, by its name it doesn't need to contain plastid with grana. Flagella, chlorophyll b, and mesosome are absent. Due to the presence of a gelatinous sheath around its body, it makes the surface slippery which indicates the presence of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are nitrogen fixers therefore it is used as green manure and biofertilizer. Some cyanobacteria are used as food such as Spirulina.
Apart from cyanobacteria and Archaebacteria, there are one more group of bacteria in Eubacteria. Eubacteria consist of a large number of bacteria, with a cell wall made up of peptidoglycans. Flagella, chromatophores, and mesosomes are present.
So, the correct answer is, '(b)’.

Note: Monerans like bacteria also differ from remaining eukaryotes in case of reproduction. In bacteria, sexual reproduction involves gene recombination, where the transfer of DNA or plasmid takes place from male donors to female recipients with the help of pili. Sexual reproduction takes place in three ways conjugation, transduction, and transformation.