Question

Organ secretes a hormone that causes the liver to break down glycogen.
A. Thyroid
B. Pancreas
C. Parathyroid
D. Adrenal medulla
E. Anterior pituitary

Answer 1

Hormone that causes the liver to break down glycogen is a peptide hormone produced by the alpha cells. It increases the level of glucose and fatty acids in the blood and is considered the main catabolic hormone in the body. It is also used as a medicine to treat many diseases. It has the opposite effect of insulin, which lowers extracellular glucose levels.

Complete answer:
Thyroid- Another important endocrine gland in vertebrates. In humans, these are bilateral glands located at the base of the neck, just behind the larynx. The two parts are connected by a narrow piece of fabric called an isthmus. It consists of a series of glandular follicles or vesicles filled with secretions of the colloidal protein thyroglobulin. The thyroid gland secretes two hormones. 1. Thyroxine and 2. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, increases cellular metabolism and includes thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The secretion is stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Calcitonin, produced by thyroid cells in response to increased blood calcium levels, suppresses blood calcium levels, inhibiting bone resorption and increasing bone calcium deposition.
Pancreas- The pancreas, located above, and behind the stomach, are the exocrine and endocrine glands. Alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells of the islet of the pancreas that release insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream, as well as small amounts of other hormones. Insulin and glucagon affect blood sugar levels. Glucagon is released when blood sugar levels are low and stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood. Insulin increases the rate of absorption and metabolism of glucose by most cells in the body. Somatostatin is released from delta cells and acts as an inhibitor of growth hormone, insulin and glucagon.
Parathyroid- Parathyroid glands, 4-6 pieces, are located behind the thyroid gland and secrete parathyroid hormone. It works on bones, intestines and kidneys to increase blood calcium levels. The parathyroid hormone is a calcitonin antagonist. The release of parathyroid hormone occurs by a decrease in blood calcium levels and is suppressed by an increase in blood calcium levels.
Adrenal medulla- They arise in the autonomic nervous system. The adrenal cells are called chromaffin cells (due to dichromate staining). A hormone produced by the adrenal medulla is known as catecholamine. This is (1) adrenaline (adrenaline) (2) norepinephrine (no adrenaline). They are synthesized from tyrosine and stored in chromaffin granules. Neurological stimulation of stress, fear, anger, exercise, and hypoglycaemia triggers the secretion of this hormone. They circulate in plasma in free form or free bonds with albumin.
Anterior pituitary-It is the main gland that controls the activity and development of other endocrine glands. The hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland are known as tropical hormones. These are hormones that stimulate associated glands, such as thyroid nutrition hormones, which stimulate the production of thyroid hormones.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Glucagon secretion is controlled by blood sugar levels. When blood sugar levels are in the optimal range, glucagon secretion decreases, but in hypoglycemic conditions, glucagon is excreted from the body. Insulin is the first hormone known. Originally taken from the work of Banting and Best, it won the Nobel Prize. It is a protein hormone-containing fifty-one amino acids, contained in two polypeptide chains. So, since it is also known as the hypoglycemic factor or antidiabetic factor, insulin and glucagon have opposite effects, and the balanced secretion helps the body maintain it. It was recently discovered that there is a third type of endocrine cell called delta cells on the island of Langerhans. It is a small molecule known as somatostatin. This hormone has a very short lifespan. It breaks down within three minutes after isolation. Increased food intake stimulates the secretion of somatostatin.