Question

One gene-one enzyme hypothesis was postulated by
A. R. Franklin
B. Hershey and Chase
C. A. Garrod
D. Beadle and Tatum

Answer 1

A gene is the segment of the DNA. It is a functional unit of the hereditary and governs the information of the genetic makeup of the body. It governs the information.

Complete answer:
One gene-one enzyme hypothesis is given by George Beadle and Edward Tatum in 1914 in their paper on genetic mutations in the Neurospora crassa. According to one gene-one enzyme hypothesis, one gene governs the control of the synthesis of a particular enzyme. This affects the specific step in a metabolic pathway.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Additional information:
-One gene-one enzyme hypothesis is postulated after Beadle and Tatum conducted the experiment on Neurospora to study the regulation of the enzymes by the genes.
-They first developed the mutant form of Neurospora with the help of the X-rays and subsequently germinated the sexual spores in the tubes having medium containing vitamins, amino acids, and other organic substances.
-Beadle and Tatum observed that all those mutant Neurospora failed to grow are kept in the medium, which either lacks amino acid or vitamin.
-This result suggested that these chemicals are the product of genes, and it was necessary for the genes to encode the enzymes for the metabolic activity in the body.

Note: Beadle was part of the experiment conducted by Ephrussi which was done on the Drosophila to establish the fact related to the one gene-one enzyme theory. Beadle was part of all the experiments which established the fact of one gene-one enzyme theory.