Question

On the basis of Rutherford’s model of an atom, which subatomic particle is present in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 1

All the mass and positive charges (At that time proton was not named) of the atom were present in a small part(nucleus too wasn't named at that time) at the center of the atom.

Complete answer:
-Rutherford, on the basis of his alpha-scattering experiment has proved that most of the part of an atom is empty.
-All the mass and positive charges (At that time proton was not named) of the atom were present in a small part(nucleus too wasn't named at that time) at the center of the atom.
-Rutherford came up with a model that an atom is made up of a lot of empty space with electrons orbiting in a set, predictable paths around a fixed, positively charged nucleus.
-This means that protons were present in the nucleus of an atom.
-The existence of protons came from the fact that atoms were neutral in charge. Since the atom has no net charge and the electrons and protons had opposite charges, the next step after the discovery of subatomic particles was to find out how these particles were arranged in the atom. This is a bit difficult because of the incredibly small size of the atom.
-Now the scientists expected that all of the alpha particles would pass through gold foil with only a slight deflection But while most of the alpha particles were indeed undeflected, a very small percentage bounced off the gold foil at very large angles. Some were redirected back toward the source.
-Rutherford explained this as the vast majority of the alpha particles had passed through the gold, so most of the atom was empty space. The particles that were highly deflected must have experienced a very powerful force within the atom.With this he concluded that all of the positive charge and the majority of the mass of the atom must be concentrated in a very small space in the atom's interior, which he called the nucleus. Thus, the nucleus is a tiny, dense and central core of the atom and is composed of protons and neutrons.
Hence , On the basis of Rutherford’s model of an atom, protons are present in the atom.

Note:
The final goal of the atomic model was to represent all of the experimental evidence about atoms in the simplest way. The existence of protons came from the fact that atoms were neutral in charge.