Question

Observe the given picture.

a) Which portion forms clear cytoplasm and prominent nucleus?
b) Which functional portion is performing the function of conductivity?
c) Which portion is considered dead tissue?
d) Which portion stores starch and fats?

Answer 1

The vascular system is made up of two conducting tissues, xylem and phloem, which conduct water and photosynthetic products respectively. The vascular tissues in the stems and roots are arranged concentrically, like a series of cylinders.

Complete answer:
Phloem, also known as bast, are plant tissues that transport nourishment from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma cells are all types of specialised cells found in phloem.
The diagram depicts a phloem, which carries food to the plant and is made up of the following components:
Companion cells are specialised parenchyma cells found in angiosperm phloem tissues. They are living cells having nuclei, ribosomes, plastids, and mitochondria. The nuclei and nucleoli in their nuclei are quite big (an indication of being metabolically active).
In flowering plants, sieve tube refers to elongated phloem living cells (sieve-tube elements) whose nuclei have fractured and vanished and whose transverse end walls are punctured by sievelike groups of pores (sieve plates). They are the transporters of food (mainly sugar).
Plant fibre extracted from the phloem or bast around the stem of certain dicotyledonous plants is known as bast fibre, phloem fibre, or skin fibre. Bast fibres are found in bundles in the phloem, bonded together by pectin and calcium ions.
Transfer cells and border parenchyma cells, also known as phloem parenchyma cells, are found at the finest branches and terminations of sieve tubes in leaf veinlets, where they also play a role in food delivery.
(a)Companion cells are the cells with transparent cytoplasm and nuclei.
(b)Sieve tubes are useful for determining conductivity.
(c)Phloem fibres, also known as bast fibres, are considered dead tissues.
(d)The parenchyma of the phloem stores carbs and lipids.

Note: Food substances flow through sieve tubes, which are columns of sieve-tube cells with perforated, sievelike sections in their lateral or terminal walls. Transfer cells and border parenchyma cells, also known as phloem parenchyma cells, are found at the finest branches and terminations of sieve tubes in leaf veinlets, where they also play a role in food delivery.