Question

Obesity of face, hyperglycemia and virilism in females are characteristics of
A. Graves’ disease
B. Addison’s disease
C. Conn’s disease
D. Cushing’s disease

Answer 1

The three different conditions are obesity means excessive fat aggregation, hyperglycemia is the condition where sugar levels in the blood increase, and virilism is a condition when a female develops male characteristics.

Step by step answer: Obesity of the face means excessive fat accumulated around the facial area. Obesity means excessive fat aggregation which results in too much weight.
-Hyperglycemia is the condition where sugar levels in the blood increase. This generally happens due to the deficiency of insulin secretion by our body. The insulin hormone helps in the digestion of glucose. Therefore, hyperglycemia is an indicator of diabetes.
-Virilism is a condition when a female develops male characteristics due to hormone imbalance. The characteristics include lower voice and hirsutism.
-In option A, Graves’ disease is mentioned. In this disease, the thyroid gland is forced to produce more of the thyroid hormone. More than what is necessary. This happens due to a disorder of the immune system. Symptoms induced by this disease in females are weight loss, anxiety, puffy eyes, heat sensitivity, enlarged thyroid, and hand tremors.
-In option B, Addison’s disease is mentioned. In this disease, the adrenal gland produces insufficient quantities of hormones. These hormones are cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol is necessary for maintaining metabolism, mediating stress levels, and inflammatory response. On the other hand, aldosterone is required to regulate salt and water levels in the body. It is directly related in regulating blood pressure as well. Some symptoms are fatigue, vomiting, absence of menstruation, reduced libidos, weight loss, excess urination, and darkening of the skin.
In option C, Conn’s disease is mentioned. In contrast to Addison’s disease, the hormone aldosterone is produced in more than the required concentration. Symptoms are fatigue, numbness, cramps, and muscle weakness.
In option D, Cushing’s disease is mentioned. In this disease, cortisol is produced in large amounts by the adrenal glands. The female may experience excessive hairiness, high blood pressure, fat accumulation around the face, and shoulders among many others.
Hence option D is correct.

Note: Cushing's disease is a risky condition in which excess of one of the steroid hormone cortisol is secreted. The blood will then have levels of the hormone. This is caused by a pituitary tumor secreting ACTH or adrenocorticotropic hormone. ACTH is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland under normal circumstances. This disease is rare and caused by an abnormality in the adrenal gland. The disease can be treated by surgery. The procedure aims to remove the tremor causing the disease. Another way is to reduce steroids which means self-care.