Question

Newton's second law gives a measure of:
A. Acceleration
B. Force
C. Momentum
D. Angular momentum

Answer 1

The laws of motion of Newton are three physical laws that together formed the foundations for classical mechanics. In reaction to those forces, they define the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion. More specifically, the first law qualitatively describes force, the second law gives a subjective measure of force, and the third law states that there is no single isolated force.

Complete step by step solution:
The three laws can be expressed in a summarize way as follows:
First law: An object either stays at rest in an inertial frame of reference or continues to travel at a constant velocity, until a force acts upon it.
Second law: The vector sum of the forces $F$ on an object in an inertial frame of reference is equal to the mass of that object $m$ multiplied by the object's acceleration $a$ : $F = ma$. (It is assumed here that the mass $m$ is constant)
Third law: When one body exerts force on the second body, the second body exerts force on the first body at the same time, equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
The rate of change of a body's angular momentum is directly proportional to the external force applied to the body, as Newton's second law of motion says.
$F \propto m\dfrac{{(v - u)}}{t}$
From this, we deduce that
$F = kma$
$\because a = \dfrac{{(v - a)}}{t}$
Thus, Newton’s law gives the measure of force.

Hence, option B is correct.

Note: Power and momentum are not the same. There's some misunderstanding around impulse and power. In physics, a force is any contact that changes the orientation of an object while it is unopposed. A force may cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e. to accelerate (which involves beginning to travel from a state of rest). It is also possible to intuitively characterize force as a push or a drag. A power, making it a vector quantity, has both magnitude and direction. It is measured in the SI unit of Newton and represented by the symbol $F$.
-Impulse (symbolized by $J$ or $\operatorname{Im} p$) is the integral of a force, $F$, over the time interval, $(t)$, for which it acts. Since force is a quantity of vectors, impulse is a quantity of vectors as well. The impulse applied to an object, often in the same direction, causes an equal vector shift in its linear momentum. The impulse unit of the SI is the second newton, $N - s$.The impulse is the integral of the resultant force $(F)$ w.r.t time $t$:
$J = \smallint Fdt$