Question

Natural selection is the gradual, non-random process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population. Who proposed the theory of natural selection?
A. Charles darwin
B. Gregor mendel
C. Lamark
D. Newton

Answer 1

Natural selection is the process through which individuals with various phenotypes survive and reproduce differently. The change in the heritable features characteristic of a population over generations is a major evolutionary mechanism. Natural selection is a result of three principles: most qualities are inherited, more offspring are generated than can survive, and offspring with more attractive traits will survive and have more offspring than those with less favourable traits.

Complete explanation:
Option A: Scientist Charles Darwin proposed the notion of natural selection. According to him, organisms are constantly competing for their survival. Only the most competitive species can survive among these organisms. Others will be obliterated over time. The ‘survival of the fittest' is a term used to describe this phenomenon.
So, option A is correct.
Option B: Gregor Mendel uncovered the fundamental laws of inheritance through his research on pea plants. He deduced that genes are passed down in pairs and as independent units from one parent to the other. Mendel studied the partitioning of parental genes and their presentation as dominant or recessive traits in offspring.
So, option B is not correct.
Option C: One of the most well-known early evolutionists was Jean Baptiste Lamarck $\left( {1744 - 1829} \right)$. Unlike Darwin, Lamarck believed that living things evolved in a continuous upward trajectory from dead materials to increasingly sophisticated forms, eventually leading to human "perfection." Species did not go extinct, according to Lamarck.
So, option C is not correct.
Option D: Isaac Newton $\left( {1642-1727} \right)$ is best known for developing the calculus in the mid to late $1660$s (more than a decade before Leibniz did so independently and more influentially) and formulating the theory of universal gravity.
So, option D is not correct

Therefore, Option A) is the correct answer.

Note:
Evolution is the process through which modern species descended from their ancestors with changes in allele frequencies. Changes in the gene pool—the collection of genes—cause evolution to take place. A population is caused by four main mechanisms. These are some of them:
Mutation.
Gene Flow.
Genetic Drift.
Natural Selection.