Question

Name three fundamental particles of the atom. Give the symbol with charge, on each particle.

Answer 1

In $1878$ William Crooks did release tube analyzes and found new radiations and called them cathode beams. Since these beams travel from the cathode towards anode. Afterward, J.J Thomson considered the attributes of cathode beams and presumed that cathode beams are contrarily charged particles, presently called electrons. The name electron was given by Johnson Stoney.

Complete Step By Step Solution:
Disclosure OF ELECTRONS BY WILLIAM CROOKES
William Crookes in $1879$ , considered the conduction of power through gases at low weight. For this reason, he took a release tube which is a long glass tube, around $60cm$ since quite a while ago, fixed at both the finishes and fitted with metal cathodes. It has a side cylinder fitted with a stop chicken which can be associated with a vacuum siphon to diminish the weight of the gas inside to any ideal worth. These cylinders are likewise now called Crookes tubes.
Revelation OF PROTON BY GOLDSTEIN
In $1886$ , E. Goldstein completed release tube analyzes and found new radiations and called them trench beams. These beams were composed of decidedly charged particles and prompted the disclosure of protons.
Disclosure OF NEUTRONS BY J. CHADWICK
It was discovered that helium has two protons and two electrons, in any case, its mass was discovered to be multiple times that of hydrogen. Likewise, the majority of some different components were additionally discovered to be twofold or more than twofold the quantity of protons. This issue was addressed on the revelation of another molecule neutron by James Chadwick In $1932$ by barraging beryllium with alpha particles. Neutron is an unbiased molecule with a mass equivalent to that of a proton and is available in the core alongside a proton.
The major particles of the molecule are: electrons, protons and neutrons.
Particles Symbol Charge
Electron ${e^ - }$ $- 1{{ }}or{{ }}1.602 \times {10^{ - 19}}C$ . Where $- 1$ speak to its one-unit negative electrical charge
proton ${p^ + }$ $+ 1{{ }}or{{ }}1.602 \times {10^{ - 19}}C$ . Where $+ 1$ speaks to one-unit positive electrical charge.
Neutron ${n^o}$ $0$ .

Additional Information:
ELECTRON AND ITS PROPERTIES
Electron is the negative piece of the issue. It is contrarily charged. The properties of electrons are:
They are created by the negative terminal, or cathode, in a cleared cylinder, and travel towards the anode. They travel in straight lines and cast sharp shadows. They have energy and can accomplish work. They are avoided by electric and attractive fields and have a negative charge.
PROPERTIES OF PROTONS
Electrical release completed in an altered cathode beam tube prompted the disclosure of particles conveying positive charge, otherwise called 'Channel Rays'. The littlest and lightest positive particle acquired from Hydrogen was called 'proton'. It was first described in $1919$ . Consequences of these investigations shed some light on physical
properties of protons which are summed up underneath:
1. Conduct of these particles in attractive and electric fields is inverse to that noticed for electron or cathode beams. Consequently, they convey a positive charge rather than negative charge on electrons.
2. The charge to mass proportion is lower than that of electrons.

Note:
Proton-A sub-nuclear molecule with a positive charge and a unit mass.
Neutron-A sub-nuclear molecule with no charge and unit mass.
Electron-A sub-nuclear molecule with a negative charge and insignificant mass.