Question

Name three commercial materials obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum.

Answer 1

Hint- These are the substances used for fuel and lubricants in automobile and machinery. These are the substances which are hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivatives.

Complete answer:

Fractional distillation is the mechanism by which oil refineries in a distillation tower isolate crude oil into distinct, more usable hydrocarbon products based on the relative molecular weights. It is the first step in crude oil refining, which is considered the main separation process because it performs the initial rough separation of the different fuels. In this process the various components which are divided are known as fractions. Separated fractions include petrol , diesel, kerosene, and bitumen.
The three products of the process are diesel, kerosene and gasoline.
The fractional distillation process is relatively simple, but is effective in the way it separates all the various, complex components of crude oil. First, the crude oil is heated to vaporize it, and is poured into a distillation tower's rim. Afterwards the resulting vapor rises through the vertical surface. As the gasses go up into the container, the temperature decreases; when the temperature decreases, other hydrocarbons start condensing and running off at different rates. Every condensing fraction at a certain stage includes hydrocarbon molecules with a certain number of carbon atoms. This 'split' boiling point allows for the separation of multiple hydrocarbons in a single phase. The cooling is with the height of the tower that allows the separation.

Note- The process of fractional distillation of crude oil yields many products. Such fractional distillation materials are used in our everyday lives for several different purposes. Petrol (or gasoline) and diesel are widely used to drive our petrol-or diesel-powered vehicles. Kerosene is widely used for cooking in developing countries and underdeveloped ones.