Question

Name this structure that plays an important role in the synthesis of protein.

Answer 1

It became evident during the 1950s and 1960s that DNA was essential in protein synthesis. Proteins can serve as enzymes and as structural materials in cells, among many functions. In cellular activities, several specialized proteins function.

Complete answer:
The places in a cell in which protein synthesis takes place are ribosomes. They are of two types 70S and 80S type.There are several ribosomes in cells, and the exact amount depends on how active a specific cell is in protein synthesis. Rapidly developing cells, for example, usually have a large number of ribosomes.

How the amino acids are related is the secret to a protein molecule. A type of code that defines the protein and differentiates one protein from another is the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

Three kinds of RNA act in the synthesis of protein. The first type of ribosomal RNA is named (rRNA). Ribosomes are produced using this type of RNA. The ultramicroscopic particles of rRNA and proteins are ribosomes. They are the places where amino acids are bound to each other to synthesize proteins .

Ribosomes are found in large numbers along the endoplasmic reticulum membranes and in the cell cytoplasm. Transfer RNA is a second important type of RNA (tRNA). In the cell cytoplasm, transfer RNA exists and carries amino acids for protein synthesis to the ribosomes. Enzymes bind tRNA molecules to amino acids in a highly specific way while protein synthesis is taking place.

Messenger RNA, the third type of RNA, is (mRNA). Messenger RNA in the nucleus is built from the base pair code of DNA and carries the code into the cytoplasm or to the rough endoplasmic reticulum where protein synthesis takes place. Messenger RNA is synthesized using DNA molecules in the nucleus.

The genetic information is moved during the synthesis from the DNA molecule to the mRNA molecule. In this way, in a remote area, a genetic code may be used to synthesize a protein. MRNA, tRNA, and rRNA synthesis is accomplished by RNA polymerase, an enzyme.

Note: Several important materials must be present for protein synthesis to occur, such as a supply of the 20 amino acids that form most proteins. A collection of enzymes that will act in the process is another important part. It is necessary to have DNA and another type of nucleic acid called ribonucleic acid (RNA).