Question

Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system.

Answer 1

A group of cells having similar structures and functions is known as tissue. Different tissues work together within a system to perform a particular function, this will form a tissue system.

Complete answer:
The tissues present in the plant body are categorized into three basic tissue systems. These are:

1. The epidermal or dermal tissue system: The dermal tissue system consists of the epidermis and periderm. The periderm is found only in older stems and roots. The epidermis is a single layer of cells that covers the entire surface of the plant body. It protects all parts of the plant. It helps in the prevention of water loss through stomata during transpiration.
2. The ground tissue system: The ground tissue system consists of parenchyma tissue, collenchyma tissue, and sclerenchyma tissue. The cells of parenchyma tissue are loosely packed with intracellular spaces between the cells having a thin cell wall. The parenchyma tissue stores food and also provides support to plants. Chlorenchyma tissue is a special type of parenchyma tissue that contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis. The walls of cells are thin but at the corners where several cells join together, it possesses thickening of cellulose, water, and pectin substances. This tissue gives mechanical support, elasticity, and tensile strength to the plant and the cells are compactly arranged and have very little intercellular space. The cells of sclerenchyma tissue are thick-walled with no intercellular space and protoplasm. Its cell wall is strong, rigid, and impermeable to water. These provide mechanical support to the plant.
3. The vascular tissue system: The vascular tissue system consists of the xylem and phloem tissues.
   This tissue system is mainly responsible for the transport of food, water, and minerals to different parts of the plant. The xylem tissue is the combination of parenchyma cells, fibers, vessels, tracheids, and ray cells. The cells of xylem tissues are organized in a tube-like fashion along the main axes of stems and roots. These are responsible for the conduction of water and mineral ions or salt. The phloem tissue is the combination of sieve tubes and companion cells. It also includes fibers, parenchyma, and ray cells. These are responsible for the transport of food and materials in both upward and downward directions as required.

Note:
-The dermal tissue system consists of the epidermis and periderm (only in the older root and stem).
-The dermal tissue system provides protection and helps in the prevention of water loss.
-The parenchyma tissue, collenchyma tissue, and sclerenchyma tissue are constituents of the ground tissue system.
-The ground tissue system provides support, protection, and also responsible for photosynthesis,
Storage of food and regeneration.
-The vascular tissue system consists of the xylem and phloem tissues.
-The vascular tissue system is responsible for the transport of food, water, and minerals.