Question

Name the organelle in which photosynthesis takes place also mention their types.

Answer 1

Plastid is a membrane-bound organelle that is found in eukaryotic organisms and considered as endosymbiotic. They are of various types and colors depending upon their functions and storage materials.

Complete answer:
Plastids are of mainly four types which include chloroplast, chromoplast, protoplast, and leucoplast which is further divided into amyloplast, proteinoplast, and elaioplasts. The green plastids that contain chlorophyll pigments for the process of photosynthesis are chloroplast and the colored plastics that are used for pigment synthesis and storage are chromoplast which gives a different color to fruits and flowers. The chloroplast which is going through the aging processes is known as gerontoplast and is present in the leaves where there is no more photosynthesis occurs such as in the fall months. The leucoplast is found in non-photosynthetic parts of the plant and is colorless plastids for the synthesis of monoterpene. The leucoplast constitutes three types in which the amyloplast helps in the storage of starch. The proteinoplast stores protein and the elaioplasts help with the storage of fats and oils. Plastids are the site of production and storage of the important chemical compounds which letter used by the cells for the autotrophic organisms and constitute various pigments that are used in photosynthesis which determines the color of the cell.
The plastics can differentiate or re-differentiate the other forms depending on the morphology and functions. Each plastid creates multiple copies and the number of genome copies per plastid varies which ranges from more than a thousand in the rapidly dividing cells and constitutes few plastids in general. The plastome consists of about a hundred genes that encode ribosomally and transfer ribonucleic acids and proteins which are involved in the photosynthesis and plastid gene translation or transcription.

Note:
Plastic floats freely in the cytoplasm and my present only in the plant cells in the living cells of the plants. They are interconnected via stromules and this stromule connects the plastid with other organelles. It originates from the proplastid which is undifferentiated cell organelles.