Question

Name the most stable ion and explain why?

Answer 1

Ions are generally those substances which get formed when salt dissociated and it may be of three types like the ions which are positively charged are known as cations, ions which carries negative charge are anions and the ions which have no charge are neutral in nature.

Complete answer:
Carbocation are those substances which have in which a carbon atom has a positive charge also we can consider that carbocation is made up of two words carbo and cation where carbon is for carbon and cation is positively charged ions.
Stability of the carbocation is generally depend upon the resonance, inductive or hyperconjugation effect and electronegativity value of the compound which can be explained as stability of the carbocation increases with the increase in number of resonating structures this is due to the delocalization of positive charge. Hyper conjugation increases as we increase the substitution in carbocations and we can say that tertiary carbocation is more stable as compared to secondary and primary. Electronegativity tells about the capacity of an atom to attract electrons. As the electronegativity of the carbon atom increases the stability of carbocation decreases.
Hence from all this we can conclude that tertiary carbonium ions are most stable due to hyper conjugation and +I i.e. inductive effect.

Note:
Carbocations are also known by the name carbonium ion. Stability of the carbocation is generally dependent upon the resonance, inductive or hyperconjugation effect and electronegativity value of the compound which can be explained as stability of the carbocation increases with the increase in number of resonating structures.