Question

Name the molecular scissors used in recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.

Answer 1

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is an application of genetic engineering in which a small fragment of DNA molecule is taken from two different spices and joined together, and inserted into a host organism.

Complete answer:
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology is a technology which uses genetic engineering basics for the production of a product having agricultural, economical, medicinal value. In this technology, DNA from different spices is taken and joined together and then inserted into and host organism.
Steps involved in the r-DNA technology:

Extraction of genetic material: First step is to extract the whole genome from the organism that carries the desired gene. The genetic material should be free from any other macromolecule as impurity.
Restriction digestion: This step is an important step for the recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology. In this step, we locate the desired fragment of the DNA and cut that part using molecular scissors. And step is known as restriction enzyme digestion. We can also use Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for checking the progress of the digestion. Enzymes which can be used are EcoRI, BamHI, etc.
Vector: Vector is a DNA molecule which acts as a carrier molecule for the transfer of DNA molecules from one place to another. Vectors can be produced with the same process known as restriction enzyme digestion.
Amplification of DNA fragment: Polymer chain reaction (PCR) is performed in order to increase or amplify the concentration of the target DNA. PCR uses thermal cycle for the amplification and can produce millions of copies of the single DNA fragment.
After amplification, DNA fragments are ligated with the vector and they are ready to transfer to the host cell.
Insertion into the host: Vector along with the DNA fragment is transferred into the host by using transformation. Other methods that can be used are electroporation, thermal shock, $C{a^{2 + }}$ ion treatment, etc.
Selection of transformed cells: After insertion, recombinant cells are used using selection media.
Production of desired product: After this, recombinant cells are kept in suitable media and production can be done. Biomass is generated then by using downstream processes, products can be extracted from the biomass.

Thus, we can say that Molecular scissors which are involved in recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology are restriction endonucleases that is, EcoRI, BamHI, etc.

Note:
Applications of Name the molecular scissors used in recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology are drug development, to determine functions of different genes, helps in synthesis of antibody probes which can be used in protein synthesis, detection of HIV, manufacturing of Bt-cotton, Insulin production, etc.