Question

Name the host plant and its part that Meloidogyne incognita infects. Explain the role of Agrobacterium in the production of ds-RNA in the host plant.

Answer 1

Meloidogyne incognita is contaminated by a herbaceous plant that is grown annually. Nicotine is found in all areas of the plant. This is the primary species that is used to produce smokers' cigarettes, cigars, and other things. In producing double-stranded RNA in this host plant, Agrobacterium acts as a vehicle.

Complete answer:
Nematode Meloidogyne incognita infects the roots of tobacco plants and, as it affects the yield and quality of tobacco, infection of this nematode is very common and harmful.
The roots of tobacco plants are infected by the nematode Meloidogyne incognita, which reduces the tobacco yield. Using the RNA interference (RNAi) system, which is tested by silencing unique mRNA due to a complementary ds RNA, the infection can be prevented. The DS RNA binds and prevents the mRNA from being translated.
The agrobacterium is used to be introduced into the host plant as vectors carrying nematode specific genes. When expressed within host plants, these genes developed sense and antisense RNA strands. It results in the formation of double-stranded RNA and inhibits or silences the stated RNA translation, a process known as interference with RNA.
These two RNAs are complementary and form a double-stranded RNA (ds RNA) that initiates RNAi, thereby silencing the nematode's unique mRNA. In a transgenic host, the parasite does not survive, and therefore prevents the plants from becoming pests.

Note: RNAi, a particular catalytic RNA sequence that is used to regulate gene expression in genetic engineering, is called RNA interference. It is simply called RNA Silencing. SiRNA-Silencing RNA, miRNA-microRNA, are the two types of RNAs used in this. In protecting against pests and parasites, including nematodes, RNAi-engineered crops have proved to be successful. The production of siRNAs is mediated by the expression of dsRNA corresponding to the nematode target gene via the host plant. Silencing is accomplished upon nematode feeding based on the sequence similarity between the siRNAs and the corresponding target mRNA.
The technique of RNA interference requires the presence of a long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence target gene expression. The dsRNA joins a cellular pathway upon introduction, is transformed into tiny interfering RNA (siRNA) and then siRNA assembles into an RNA-induced silencing complex. Subsequently, the siRNA directs the complex to complementary RNA molecules where the target mRNA is cleaved and destroyed. In this way, the whole process activates mRNA silencing. Meloidogyne incognita infects tobacco plant roots and causes a significant loss by reducing yield. These plants are made immune to this nematode because of RNAi.