Question

Name the hormones which regulate carbohydrates, proteins and fats metabolism in our body which gland secretes the hormones? Why is it important to have iodised salt in our diet?

Answer 1

The hormone which is responsible for regulation of metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fats are under control of Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The TSH is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Complete step by step answer: Thyroxine is an iodine containing thyroid hormone that is responsible for metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, fats in our body. In humans thyroxine is available in two forms:
-Triiodothyronine (T3)
-Tetraiodothyronine (T4)
Functions of thyroxine hormone:
-T3/T4 are responsible for physical, mental and sexual growth.
-Regulates Basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the body.
-Increase cellular respiration
-Increase number of mitochondria
-Increase ATP production
-Heat generation
-T3/T4 are responsible for increasing body temperature, HR and BP.
-It also increases glucose levels and helps in breakdown of protein
-T3 and T4 helps in absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
-They regulate the menstruation cycle.
-The thyroxine hormone is secreted by follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland which is located on the ventral side of the trachea (in neck region). Thyroid gland is -H-shaped or butterfly shaped. It consists of following structures:
Outermost protective fibrous capsule.
-Stroma which is loose areolar connective tissue present inside the gland.
-Follicular/ Acinar cells that secretes thyroxine hormone.
-Parafollicular cells that secretes calcitonin hormone.
-Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroxine hormone. We should have iodised salt in our diet because due to the deficiency of iodine in our body a person can develop simple goitre. It is characterised by enlargement of thyroid gland by increase in size and number of acinar cells of follicles.

Note: The calcitonin is a non-iodine containing hormone that regulates the concentration of calcium ions in the blood.
The exophthalmic goitre is caused by hypersecretion of thyroxine hormone that is mainly characterized by bulging of eyeballs.