Question

Name the disease caused due to insufficient secretion of insulin.

Answer 1

Insulin is a key metabolic hormone, essential for maintenance of normal levels of blood sugar. Insulin is produced exclusively by beta cells located within islets of the pancreas.

Complete answer:
Diabetes could be defined as a chronic disease that happens because the body is unable to use glucose (glucose) properly. The precise explanation for this malfunction is unknown, but genetic and environmental factors play a component. Risk factors for diabetes include obesity and high levels of cholesterol. Insufficient secretion of insulin ends up in diabetes and symptoms of chronic elevated glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, autoimmune destruction of the beta cells results in destruction of virtually all beta cells. Treatment involves regular injections of insulin.

Insulin:
Lack of insulin production: It's the primarily reason for type 1 diabetes. It occurs when insulin-producing cells are damaged or destroyed and stop producing insulin. Insulin is required to maneuver blood glucose into cells throughout the body. The resulting insulin deficiency leaves an excessive amount of sugar within the blood and not enough within the cells for energy.

Insulin resistance: This can be specific to type 2 diabetes. It occurs when insulin is produced normally within the pancreas, but the body continues to be unable to move glucose into the cells for fuel. At first, the pancreas will create more insulin to beat the body’s resistance. Eventually the cells wear out. At that time the body slows insulin production, leaving an excessive amount of glucose within the blood. This can be referred to as prediabetes. An individual with prediabetes contains a blood glucose level more than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Unless tested, the person might not remember, as there aren't any clear symptoms.

In type 2 diabetes, typically obesity results in insulin resistance and a resulting need for increased insulin production. This successively can result in cell stress (“exhaustion”) and dysfunction. In early stages of the disease, oral drugs are effective in restoring normoglycemia. However in many cases, the disease progresses to a stage where insulin treatment is required to keep up normoglycemia. The factors linking obesity /insulin resistance to impaired cell function /diabetes don't seem to be clear. Chronic exposure to elevated glucose levels (glucotoxicity) chronic lipids (lipotoxicity) and cell stress have all been suggested as possibly resulting in cell dysfunction.

Therefore, diabetes mellitus is caused due to insufficient secretion of insulin.

Note: Gestational diabetes: A small percentage of pregnant women may develop gestational diabetes. It’s thought that hormones developed within the placenta interfere with the body’s insulin response.