Question

Name the constituent radiation of electromagnetic spectrum which
(1) is used for studying crystal structure
(2) is absorbed from sunlight by an ozone layer
(3) produces intense heating effect
(4) is used in cellular phones to transmit.

Answer 1

In order to tell the uses of constituent radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum, we need the various types of electromagnetic waves which cover the spectrum. Think of each electromagnetic wave, determine the type using the range of the wave in spectrum and try to conclude where the particular wave can be used in the above four processes.

Complete answer:
The electromagnetic wave consists of all wave frequencies. The most general electromagnetic waves are gamma rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet spectrum, visible spectrum, infrared (IR), microwave and radio. This is actually arranged in increasing order of wavelength or say decreasing order of frequency.

Gamma rays: Gamma rays are high energy waves with highest frequency among the EM
waves. These are emitted by highly energetic cosmic objects. Measurements of wavelength
are done at subatomic level. These can pass through empty spaces within an atom. Gamma
rays can kill living cells. Used in sterilizing instruments used in surgeries.

X-rays: These are also high energy EM waves. The wavelength lies in the range of
1010pmnm . X-rays are emitted by bodies having very high temperature. X-rays can
penetrate to an extent and hence are used in imaging technology.

Ultraviolet spectrum: UV rays are waves having wavelengths shorter than visible light. These
are also emitted during high-temperature processes. UVs are components of sun rays. These
cause sunburn and cancer to living organisms. As a protection from UV rays, the earth has
this layer is known as the ozone layer. The UV rays are absorbed by the ozone layer.

Infrared (IR): These are the waves having lower-middle frequency range. The wavelength lies
in between mm and m . The higher order IR produces heat.

Radio waves are the waves having lowest frequencies in the spectrum. These waves are
used in communication systems. Hence, X-ray is used for studying crystal structure, UV ray is absorbed from sunlight by an ozone layer, Infrared ray produces an intense heating effect and radio waves are used in cellular phones to transmit.

Note: Keep these points at peak of your brain. The range of frequencies, wavelengths and the order of energy can help you to remember the uses of these waves or simply just keep in mind the EM spectrum.