Question

Modern biotechnology is based on
A) Protoplast fusion
B) Tissue culture
C) Recombinant proteins
D)Genetic engineering

Answer 1

Modern biotechnology means producing usable things, such as proteins, cells, organs and tissues from whole species or parts of species. Genetically engineered plants and animals, cell therapy and nanotechnology are emerging advances in biotechnology.

Complete answer:
First we should know about Modern biotechnology to answer this question. Karl Ereky, a Hungarian engineer, invented the word biotechnology in 1919. This word comes from the convergence between biology and technology. Modern biotechnology is a concept introduced by the International Convention that refers to biotechnological methods above conventional breeding barriers for the modification of genetic material and the fusion of cells. Genetic modification to produce genetically engineered organisms (GEOs) via "transgenic technology" involving the addition or deletion of genes is the most interesting example.

Now, let us find the solution from the options-
- Somatic fusion, also known as protoplast fusion, is a process of genetic alteration of plants through which two different plant species are mixed to create a new hybrid plant, a somatic hybrid plant with the characteristics of both.
- In an artificial medium apart from the parent body, tissue culture is the development of tissues or cells. Micropropagation is sometimes called this method. Thus, option B is not the correct option.
- In biomedical biotechnology, recombinant proteins have made significant breakthroughs. They are used not only as medications in pharmaceutical science, but also in rehabilitation. In 1982, recombinant human insulin became the first recombinant protein used for treatment. Thus option C is not the correct option.
- The active manipulation of the genes of an organism using biotechnology is genetic engineering, also called genetic engineering. It is a series of technology used to alter the genetic structure of cells, including the transition of genes to create enhanced or new organisms within and throughout species boundaries. Thus, option D is not the correct option.

Thus, the correct answer is option (A) Protoplast fusion.

Note: Protoplast fusion applications include the resistance of potato plants to potato leaf roll infection. By somatic fusion, the Solanum tuberosum crop potato plant is fused with the wild, non-tuber-bearing potato Solanum brevidens, which is resistant to the disease, the yield of which is greatly decreased by a viral disease spread by the aphid vector.