Question

Mention the total number of chromosomes that are present in human female and male Explain how the producing organisms the number of chromosomes in the progeny remains the same as that of parents.

Answer 1

Chromosomes are thread-like structures that are made of protein and single DNA molecules, that present in the nucleus, and these chromosomes in the individual obtain from their parents, and each DNA that present in the organisms have specific features which make every organism unique.

Complete answer:
Humans have 46 or 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell, and among them, 44 chromosomes are called autosomes and 2 chromosomes are allosomes or sex chromosomes.
The characterization of humans into males and females depends on the type of sex chromosomes they obtain from their parents.
The sex chromosomes present in males are XY, which means that males obtain the X chromosome from the mother, and a Y chromosome from the father and the sex chromosomes that are present in females are XX, where females obtain both X chromosomes from mother and father.
As above said humans contain 23 pairs, where so we can call it is like 2 sets of chromosomes which means that cells are diploid, and the offspring that are obtained from the parents also have diploid set only.
This is because, in humans, fertilization takes place by the fusion of both male gamete called sperm and the female gamete called the egg, where these gametes are haploid and they are formed by the meiosis, so when these haploid gametes form this makes the zygote and diploid, so this is how diploid nature of offspring is restored.

Note: In humans, offspring obtain half of the chromosomes from the father and half from the mother, so that progeny which are formed have the same set of chromosomes as that of parents so that there is an equal contribution of genetic material from the parents to offspring.