Question

Menstrual cycle is controlled by
A) Estrogen and progesterone of ovary
B) FSH and LH pituitary
C) Both A and B
D) FSH of pituitary

Answer 1

The reproduction cycle in the female primates is called menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche. It is controlled by different hormones that are secreted in different phases of the cycle.

Complete answer:
Menstruation is the monthly shedding of the lining of a women's uterus mainly in the form of the blood. It is also called menses. Menstrual cycle takes place in the sequence of events that occurs in the body of the woman as she prepares for the possibility of pregnancy every month. In human females, it is repeated on an average after about 28 to 29 days and the range of the cycle is approximately from 21 days to about 35 days.

One ovum is released each month or we can say in each menstrual cycle. Menstrual cycle leads to the breakdown of the endometrium lining of the uterus causing the blood vessels to flow in the form of blood. The flow takes place usually for 3 - 5 days in a month. The cycle starts with the menstrual phase only where menstrual flow takes place only if fertilization does not take place. Lack of menstruation caused by pregnancy or due to underlying causes such as stress, poor health etc. After the menstrual phase, the next phase is the follicular phase in which the primary follicle in the ovary grows to become a fully mature graafian follicle. In this phase, the endometrium of the uterus regenerate through proliferation.

These changes occur in the uterus due to induction of the level of the hormones mainly of pituitary and ovarian'. The secretion of the gonadotropin that occurs in the follicular phase helps in the follicular development as well as in the secretion of estrogen which is done by the growing follicles. LH and FSH are at their peak level in mid of the cycle. Rapid secretion of LH in the mid of the cycle helps in rupturing of the Graffian follicle and thereby releases the ovum. The ovulation is followed up by the luteal phase where the remaining part of the Graffian follicle changes to corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone that is used up for the maintenance of endometrium.In the cycle, many hormones are secreted which are LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone.

So, the correct answer is option C, Both A and B.

Note: Menopause is the last phase in which after reaching a certain age in their life, females end up with their menstrual flow. In human females, the age at which the menstrual cycle ceases is around 50 years. After this, the females stop shedding the ovum every month and ultimately no pregnancy can occur after this.