Question

Mendel’s laws of heredity can be explained with the help of
A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Cloning
D. Both A and B

Answer 1

Many organisms pass their genes to their offspring by sexual reproduction. The gametes from each parent unite to form an embryo. Passage of genetic information was studied for 8 years by Mendel (1856-1858).

Complete answer:
Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics, worked on garden pea plants to study genetics and gave the fundamental laws of inheritance. He stated:
The Law of Segregation: Any trait inherited by an individual is associated with one pair of genes where each gene is inherited from one parent.
The Law of Independent assortment: Genes for different traits are sorted separately so that they do not influence the inheritance of others or are independently inherited.
The Law of Dominance: An individual with an alternate form of a gene (i.e. dominant and recessive forms) will express the dominant form of the gene.
To conclude, Mendel’s law of heredity suggests that whenever gamete formation takes place genes for different characters are separated and every gene consisting of two alleles contributes a single allele in gamete formation. This is similar to a type of cell division called meiosis.
In meiosis, the paired chromosomes are first segregated and then the gamete gets only one set of chromosomes.

Hence, the correct option will be option B - Meiosis.

Note: In the human body, meiosis occurs only in germ cells i.e. the formation of the sperm cell and egg cell is done by meiosis. Rest all the cells of the human body are produced by mitotic division i.e. cells divide into two identical daughter cells.