Question

Mendelian factors and chromosomes maintain their ______ from generation to generation
A. Segregation
B. Individuality
C. Dominance
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint:- Mendel's proposed chromosomal inheritance theory notes that there are genes that are transferred on homologous chromosomes from one generation to the next in opposing pairs. The genes were called Mendelian factors.

Complete answer:
Factors of Mendelian inheritance are also known as alleles. Two factors are needed for a trait to be expressed, according to him. One of the possible forms of a gene is an allele. There are two alleles of most genes-
1. Dominant allele-
Dominant alleles demonstrate their influence even if there is only one copy of the allele (also known as heterozygous) in the person. The allele for brown eyes, for instance, is dominant, so you only need one copy of the 'brown eye' allele to have brown eyes (although you'll still have brown eyes with two copies).

2. Recessive allele-
Recessive alleles only demonstrate their influence if there are two copies of the allele (also known as homozygous) in the organism. For instance, the blue-eye allele is recessive, so you need to have two copies of the 'blue-eye' allele to have blue eyes.
A chromosome is an ordered package of DNA located in the nucleus of the cell. Various species have varying chromosome numbers. Each parent adds one chromosome to each pair in order to get half of their chromosomes from their mother and half from their father.
In Mendel's proposed chromosomal inheritance theory, there are genes that are transferred on homologous chromosomes from one generation to the next in opposing pairs. As Mendelian variables, the genes were named. These variables will segregate and assort themselves individually. This helps the factors in their speech to retain their identity and stability.
Hence, the correct answer is (b) Individuality

Note:- Inheritance Chromosomal Theory assumes that chromosomes are genetic information vehicles that have Mendelian factors or genes and it is the chromosomes that segregate and assort separately from one generation to the next during transmission.