Question

Meiosis was first discovered by.
A. Sutton
B. Hofmeister
C. Strasburger
D. Herwig

Answer 1

Meiosis is a process of cell division in which the number of chromosomes decreases from diploid to haploid. It is performed in any sexually reproducing organism. Haploid germ cells are produced by diploid cells during meiosis.

Complete answer:
Sutton -Walter Stanborough Sutton was an American geneticist and physician, and his most important contribution to biology today is his theory that Mendel's laws of heredity can be applied to chromosomes at the cellular level. Was. Living organism.
Hofmeister -Wilhelm Friedrich Benedict Hofmeister was a German botanist and biologist. Hofmeister is best known for discovering generational change as a general principle of plant life. Importantly, his proposal that the transition between the generation of sporophytes and gametophytes constitutes an integrated theory of plant development, published in $1851$, triggers sexual reproduction in plants, which were the subject of controversy in the middle of $- {19^{th}}$ century. He indicated that he needed pollen tubes and egg products.
Strasburger- and Strasburger is the founder of the famous university textbook of botany, first published in $1894$. He was the first to accurately describe the embryonic sac of cedar trees (for example, conifers) and vascular embryos (flowers). Plants) with signs of double fertilization of vascular seed plants.
Herwig-Meiosis is a process of cell division in which the number of chromosomes decreases from diploid to haploid. It is performed in any sexually reproducing organism. Haploid germ cells are produced by diploid cells during meiosis.
Meiosis was first described and discovered in $1876$ by the German biologist Oskar Hertwig in sea urchin eggs. In $1883$, the Belgian zoologist Edouard Van Beneden again explained this at the chromosomal level in roundworm eggs.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Note: However, the importance of meiosis for reproduction and offspring was not explained by the German biologist August Weismann until $1890$. He found that with a large number of chromosomes, it takes two cell divisions to turn one diploid cell into four haploid cells. American geneticist Thomas Hunt Morgan discovered meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies, demonstrating that genetic traits are transmitted to the chromosome.