Question

Match the following columns and select the correct option.

Column-I	Column-II
(a) Clostridium butylicum	(i) Cyclosporin-A
(b) Trichoderma polysporum	(ii) Butyric Acid
(c) Monascus purpureus	(iii) Citric Acid
(d) Aspergillus niger	(iv) Blood cholesterol-lowering agent

(a)- (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
(b)- (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
(c)- (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)
(d)- (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i)

Answer 1

Bacteria are commercially significant because people utilise them for a variety of reasons. Bacteria are used to make traditional meals like yoghurt, cheese, and vinegar, among other things. Microbes are also employed in businesses to synthesise a variety of goods that are beneficial to humans, such as drinks, antibiotics, and organic acids.

Complete solution:
Let us solve this question by at first noting the correct match of the column-I and II.
Clostridium butylicum is used in the production of Butyric acid. So, (a) matches with (ii).
Trichoderma polysporum is used in the production of Cyclosporin-A which is an important therapeutic agent. So, (b) matches with (i).
Monascus purpureus is used to derive Blood cholesterol lowering agent. So, (c) matches with (iv).
Aspergillus niger is used in the industrial fermentation of citric acid. So, (d) matches with (iii).
Based on the above matches the correct option can be detected.
Option:A (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii) is correct because it matches column-I and II correctly.
Option:B-(b)- (i), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii), Option:C-(c)- (iv), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i) and Option:D-(d)- (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (ii), (d) - (i) are incorrect because they do not match column-I and II correctly.
Correct tabulation would therefore be as follows –

Column-I	Column-II
(a) Clostridium butylicum	(ii) Butyric Acid
(b) Trichoderma polysporum	(i) Cyclosporin-A
(c) Monascus purpureus	(iv) Blood cholesterol-lowering agent
(d) Aspergillus niger	(iii) Citric Acid

Correct answer: A. (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d)-(iii)

Note:
Cyclosporin-A is used as an immunosuppressive agent. Butyric acid is used to produce butyrate esters which are used in the preparation of paints, tool coatings etc. Citric acid is widely used in the food industries for preservation and flavoring and Statins produced by Monascus purpureus are used to lower blood cholesterol in affected individuals. The production of all these compounds is done using microbial fermentations in large bioreactors.