Question

Match the following and pick the correct combination

List I	List II
Kupffer Cells	1. Small intestine
β-cells	2. PCT
Brush border cells	3. Liver sinusoids
Paneth cells	4. Pituitary
5. Islets of Langerhans

(a) A - 5, B - 3, C - 2, D - 1
(b) A - 3, B - 5, C - 2, D - 1
(c) A - 2, B - 5, C - 1, D - 3
(d) A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 5

Answer 1

Kupffer cells are involved in the breakdown of RBCs (erythrocytes) , β cells secrete insulin that regulates body glucose levels. The brush border cells contain villi for increasing surface area for reabsorption of substances. Paneth cells are epithelial cells with their secretions having antimicrobial properties, this property acts in the regulation of the gut flora.

Complete step by step answer:
Kupffer cells are phagocytic cells found in liver sinusoids which play a role in the breakdown of the red blood cells. They also play a major role in protecting the liver from bacterial infections.
Beta cells are found in islets of Langerhans in the pancreas that produce, store, and release the hormone insulin. When the glucose levels in the blood are increased either physiologically (e.g. during digestion) , beta cells respond by secretion of the hormone insulin which was stored and simultaneously increases insulin production.
Brush border cells are epithelial cells that make up the cuboidal or columnar epithelium with microvilli which help in increasing the area of an absorbing surface. Individual microvilli are microscopic and are tightly packed which resembles a brush border, hence the name.
Paneth cells are granulated epithelial cells that are present in the base of the crypts of the small intestine. They have an important role in the body's innate immunity.
So, the correct answer is ‘(d) A - 3, B - 5, C - 2, D - 1'.

Additional information:
- Congenital absence or autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of islets of Langerhans is the main cause of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
- In Type- 2 Diabetes Mellitus, insulin resistance over long periods of time causes the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas to wear off, it is also referred to as beta burnout.
- Paneth cells are present in intestinal crypts of Lieberkühn, it helps in maintaining the commensal bacteria with the elimination of pathogenic bacteria that enters the alimentary canal. A decrease in numbers of paneth cells could result in celiac diseases.
- Brush border cells are present in organs requiring absorption of substances, these are the Proximal convoluted tubules of the nephron in kidneys, the epithelium of the small intestine as well as the large intestine.

Note:
Innate immunity is the nonspecific immunity that comes into play when an antigen comes into the body. It comes immediately or sometimes takes hours to start the action. The mechanisms included in this kind of immunity are physical barriers like skin, body chemicals, enzymes like lysozymes.