Question

Match the columns:

Column I	Column II
a. Phototaxis conditions	1. The circular movement of protoplasm in response to warm.
b. Thermotaxis	2. Upward movement.
c. Chemotaxis	3. Drooping of a leaf.
d. Hyponasty	4. Movement of antherozoids towards archegonia.
e. Seismonasty	5. Movement of Chlamydomonas.

A. (a)-(5), (b)-(4), (c)- (3), (d)-(2), (e)-(1)
B. (a)-(5), (b)-(1), (c)-(4), (d)-(2), (e)-(3)
C. (a)-(4), (b)-(5), (c)-(1), (d)-(2), (e)-(3)
D. (a)-(2), (b)-(3),(c)-(4), (d)-(5), (e)-(1)
E. (a)-(2),(b)-(5), (c)-(4), (d)-(4), (e)-(3)

Answer 1

Phototaxis, chemotaxis, hyponasty, seismonasty and thermotaxis refer to the movement exhibited by plants in response to certain stimuli. These stimuli are exhibited by temperature, light, chemical signals, etc.

Complete step by step answer:
a. Phototaxis is a phenomenon where life forms advance toward or away from the light source (positive or negative phototaxis). It is pivotal for phototrophic microorganisms to possess under legitimate light conditions for phototaxis. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii quickly alters its swimming course upon light enlightenment.
b. The movement of plants and creatures because of one-sided warm incitement is called thermotaxis. Positive thermotaxis is the movement towards the higher temperature, and negative thermotaxis is the movement away from the high temperature or development toward the lower temperature. The circular movement of protoplasm in response to warm is an example of thermotaxis.
c. Chemotaxis (from chemo + taxis) is the movement of a life form due to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, microbes and other single-cell or multicellular creatures direct their developments as per certain synthetic substances in their current circumstance. Movement of antherozoids towards archegonia is an example of chemotaxis.
d. Petiole hyponasty is the upward movement driven by a higher pace of cell extension on the lower (abaxial) contrasted and the upper (adaxial) side. Hyponasty is normal among rosette species.
e. Thigmonasty or seismonasty is the nastic reaction of a plant or organism to touch or vibration. Drooping of a leaf is an example of seismonasty.
So, the correct answer is option B.

Note: Phototaxis is an advantage for phototrophic organisms as they can orient themselves most efficiently to receive light for photosynthesis. Recent research suggests that mammalian sperm employ thermotaxis to move to an appropriate location in the female's oviduct. Chemotaxis is involved during fertilization as it drives male gametes towards female gametes.