Question

Match the column

Column I	Column II
A) Warburg effect	p) change in gene frequency by chance
B) Pasteur effect	q) postponing severance of leaves by cytokinin
C) Emerson effect	r) decline in consumption of respiratory substrate during the transition from anaerobic to aerobic conditions
D) wright effect	s) inhibitory effect of oxygen on photosynthesis
t) enhancement of photosynthesis by two different wavelengths of light

(a) A-t, b-r, c-p, d-s
(b) A-s, b-t, c-q, d-r
(c) A-s, b-r, c-t, d-p
(d) A-t, b-s, c-p, d-p

Answer 1

The Pasteur effect was due early on to the effect of changes in the balance of inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate and triphosphate on the rate of glycolysis following the transition from air to nitrogen.

Complete answer:
A) The Warburg effect refers to the observation that, by aerobic glycolysis, cancer cells appear to support metabolism rather than the much more powerful oxidative phosphorylation pathway, which is favored by most other plant body cells. So here, photosynthesis is inhibited by oxygen. 'a' corresponds, therefore, to 's'.
(b) The Pasteur effect is an inhibitory effect of oxygen on the mechanism of fermentation. Anaerobic conditions facilitate fermentation although it is inhibited by the presence of oxygen. Thus, during the transition from anaerobic to aerobic environments, there is a reduction in respiratory substrate intake. 'b' corresponds, thus, to 'r'.
(c) The Emerson effect is an improvement in the rate of photosynthesis after exposure of chloroplasts to light at wavelengths of 680 nm and above 680 nm. 'c' corresponds, therefore, to 't'.
Genetic drift is the change in the occurrence of an established allele in a population due to chance (also known as the Sewall Wright effect). Consequently,' d' refers to 'p'.

Additional information: The Warburg Effect is characterized as an increase in glucose uptake rate and preferential lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen. Each of these functions is believed to be the Warburg Effect function.
The Emerson effect is an improvement in the rate of photosynthesis after 680 nm (deep red spectrum) and more than 680 nm (far-red spectrum) exposure of chloroplasts to light. The result was early proof that two photosystems collaborate in photosynthesis, processing different wavelengths.
Genetic drift is the change in the occurrence of an established gene variant in a population due to random sampling of species. A sample of those in the parents are the alleles in the offspring, and chance has a role to play in deciding whether a given person survives and reproduces. Also known as the Wright effect.
So, the correct answer is ‘(c) A-s, b-r, c-t, d-p’.

Note: It is simple to understand the Pasteur effect; as the yeast is facultative, anaerobes may generate energy using two separate metabolic pathways. Although the concentration of oxygen is low, the glycolysis (pyruvate) product is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide and the efficiency of energy production is low. If the concentration of oxygen increases, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, which can be used during the cycle of citric acid, raising the efficiency to 30-32 moles of ATP per glucose mole.