Question

Match each disease with its correct type of vaccine.

A. Tuberculosis	1. Harmless virus
B. Whooping cough	2. Inactivated toxin
C. Diphtheria	3. Killed bacteria
D. Polio	4. Harmless bacteria

A. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
B. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
C. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
D. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

Answer 1

A biological preparation providing immunity to a specific disease is known as the vaccine. It is usually made from an agent similar to the microorganism causing the disease. Mostly the killed or weak forms of the toxins or the microbes are used as vaccines for respective diseases.

Complete answer:
In most of the cases, the body defends itself from an infection through the production of antibodies. Whenever the body is encountered with any infectious agent, it starts producing antibodies against the causative or infectious organism. Once produced, they remain in the blood and will thus help in fighting the disease if the same infection occurs again. Moreover, they can also be rapidly produced upon any infection but their production will take time, delaying the primary response. Thus, inactivated pathogens or harmless toxins could be injected into the body so as to attain acquired immunity. Such injections are also referred to as vaccines. Bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for causing tuberculosis and the vaccines for the same can be prepared using a harmless form of this bacteria. Whooping cough also known as pertussis is a highly infectious disease. A bacterium known as Bordetella pertussis is responsible for causing this disease. So, the killed form of this bacterium is used for the preparation of its vaccine. Diphtheria vaccine is produced via use of purified inactivated toxin obtained from Corynebacterium diphtheria. Polio is caused by a virus, commonly called polio virus. It is also highly infectious to humans. Harmless virus is used to produce such vaccines.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: Most of the diseases which were much more common earlier have been controlled with the use of vaccines. Several such diseases include meningitis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, mumps and polio. These diseases can otherwise pose several life-threatening effects to the infected individuals.