Question

Match column I and column II

COLUMN I	COLUMN II
(i)Interference	(P)Coherent source
(ii)Brewster’s law	(Q)$\mu = 1/\sin C$
(iii)Malus law	(R)$\mu = \tan {\theta _p}$
(iv)Total internal reflection	(S)$I = {I_0}{\cos ^2}\theta$

A. $i \to P,ii \to S,iii \to R,iv \to Q$
B. $i \to P,ii \to R,iii \to S,iv \to Q$
C. $i \to Q,ii \to S,iii \to R,iv \to P$
D. $i \to P,ii \to R,iii \to Q,iv \to S$

Answer 1

Coherent sources have the same frequency and waveform and their phase difference is constant. Unpolarized light vibrates in all possible planes or directions and a polarized light vibrates in only one direction. The process of converting unpolarized light into polarized is called polarization.

Complete step by step solution:
Interference:
Interference occurs when two waves traveling in the same medium meet and superimpose.
Interference is of two types, constructive interference, and destructive interference.
In constructive interference the crest of one wave falls over the crest of another wave or the trough of one wave falls over the trough of others, resulting in a larger crest and trough. i.e., their amplitude gets added up.
In destructive interference the crest of one wave falls over the trough of another wave. Their amplitude gets subtracted.
Brewster’s angle:
Brewster’s angle is the angle of incidence at which reflected ray is completely polarized.
The angle between reflected and refracted rays is ${90^ \circ }$.

Malus law:
It states that the intensity of a beam of plane-polarized light after passing through a rotatable polarizer varies as the square of the cosine of the angle and maximum intensities occur when the polarizer rotates from its original position.
$I = {I_0}{\cos ^2}\theta$
Total internal reflection:
A ray of light travelling at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle from a denser medium to a rarer medium is reflected into the denser medium. This is called total internal reflection.

Note:
Interference needs a coherent source. Coherent source of light continuously emits light waves of the same frequency, with zero or constant phase difference between them.
The relation between refractive index and Brewster’s angle is given below.
$\mu = \tan {\theta _p}$
Malus law is $I \propto {\cos ^2}\theta \Rightarrow I = {I_0}{\cos ^2}\theta$, where ${I_0}$ is maximum intensity of transmitted light.
Total internal reflection is, when incident light from denser medium to rarer medium gets reflected into the denser medium, $\mu =\dfrac{1}{sin C}$ this equation gives the relation between the refractive index and the critical angle.